Several factors, including genetic factors and changes in hydration and collagen, are believed to play a role in the development of degenerative disc disease. As we age, the water and protein content of the body’s cartilage changes. This change results in weaker, more fragile and thinner cartilage. Because both the discs and the joints that stack the vertebrae (facet joints) are partly composed of cartilage, these areas are subject to wear and tear over time (degenerative changes), known as degenerative disc disease.
The vertebrae of the spinal column are separated from each other by cartilaginous cushions known as intervertebral discs. The discs provide structural support to the spine and act as shock absorbers, taking in the stress created by movement. The discs are mostly water, allowing them to be highly elastic and absorb stress. However, age, repetitive strain, and (possibly) genetics cause wear and tear on a disc. Because there is little blood supply to the disc, it cannot repair itself if injured.



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